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Clifford, Mike. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Black Music. New York: Harmony Books, 1982. Cuney-Hare, Maud. Negro Musicians and Their Music. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1996. Delahoyde, Michael and Yong Peng Chen. "Joplin, Scott." The Guide to United States Popular Culture. Ed. Ray B. Brown and Pat Browne. Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University Popular Press, 2001. De Lerma, Dominique-Rene. Bibliography of Black Music. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1981-1984. Dennison, Tim. The American Negro and His Amazing Music. New York: Vantage Press, 1963. Feather, Leonard. The Book of Jazz. New York: Horizon Press, 1957. Feather, Leonard. The Encyclopedia of Jazz. New York: Horizon Press, 1955. Feidel, Frank, ed. Harvard Guide to American History. Revised. Cambridge: Oxford University Press, 1974. Fletcher, Tom. 100 Years of the Negro in Show Business. New York: Burdge, 1954. Reprint, New York: Da Capo, 1984. Floyd, Samuel A. The Power of Black Music: Interpreting its History from Africa to the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1995. Gates, Henry Louis. The African-American Century: How Black Americans Have Shaped Our Country. New York: Free Press, 2000. George, Zelma Watson. "A Guide to Negro Music: An Annotated Bibliography of Negro Folk Music and Art Music by Negro Composers or Based on Negro Thematic Material." Ed. D. diss., New York University, 1953. Gillespie, John and Anna Gillespie. A Bibliography of Nineteenth-Century American Piano Music with Location Sources and Composer Biography-Index. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1984. Golden Encyclopedia of Ragtime, 1900-1974. New York, 1974. Hartnoll, Phyllis. "Negro in the American Theatre." The Oxford Companion to the Theatre. 2nd ed. London: Oxford Univ. Press, 1957. Kinkle, Roger D., ed. The Complete Encyclopedia of Popular Music and Jazz, 1900-1950. 3 vols. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House, 1974. Krummel, D. W. and others, ed. Resources of American Music History. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1981. Kuhn, Laura, ed. Baker's Dictionary of Opera. New York: Schirmer Books, 2000. Lawrence, Vera Brodsky, ed. The Collected Works of Scott Joplin. 2 volumes: I. Piano Works; II. Works for Voice. Introduction by Rudi Blesh. New York: New York Public Library, 1971. Lawrence, Vera Brodsky, ed. The Complete Works of Scott Joplin. 2 volumes: 1: Piano Works; II: Works for Voice. Ed. consultant Richard Jackson. 2nd edition. New York: New York Public Library, 1981. Maultsby, Portia K. "Selective Bibliography: U.S. Black Music." In Ethnomusicology 19/3 (1975): 421-429. The New Grove Dictionary of American Music. 3 vols. H. Wiley Hitchcock and Stanley Sadie, eds. London: MacMillan Press Ltd., 1986. Newman, Richard, ed. Words Like Freedom: Essays on African-American Culture and History. Locust Hill Press, 1996. Ping-Robbins, Nancy R. Scott Joplin: A Guide to Research. New York: Garland Publishing, 1998. Schuller, Gunther. Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. New York: Oxford Univ. Press, 1968. Schuller, Gunther. "Ragtime." The Encyclopedia Americana. Vol. 28. Danbury, CT: Americana Corp., 1980. Slonimsky, Nicolas. Baker's Biographical Dictionary of 20th-c. Classical Musicians. New York: Schirmer Books, 1997. Southern, Eileen. Biographical Dictionary of Afro-American and African Musicians. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1982. Southern, Eileen. Readings in Black American Music. 2nd ed. New York: W.W. Norton, 1983. Spaeth, Sigmund. A History of Popular Music in America. New York: Random House, 1948. Spencer, Jon Michael. Re-searching Black Music. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1996. Spradling, Mary Mace, ed. In Black and White: A Guide to Magazine Articles, Newspaper Articles, and Books Concerning Black Individuals and Groups. 3rd ed. Detroit: Gale Research, 1980. Supplement, 1985. Standifer, James A. and Barbara Reeder. Source Book of African and Afro-American Materials for Music Education. Washington, DC, 1972. Toll, Robert C. Blacking up: the Minstrel Show in Nineteenth Century America. New York: Oxford University Press, 1974. Vann, Kimberly R. and David Martin. Black Music in Ebony: An Annotated Guide to the Articles on Music in Ebony Magazine, 1945-1985. Chicago: Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College, 1990 04/03